In the case of gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other therapeutic methods are also used - traditional treatment methods, diet.What can be eaten during the diet for gastritis of the stomach, so that such treatment can have an effect?
General information about the gastritis diet
Treatment of gastritis is usually complex and includes various diets in addition to drug therapy.The gastritis diet means a lot, since dry foods, snacks while running (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, too cold or hot foods and large amounts of spices can cause gastritis to worsen.
The gastroenterologist prescribes a diet and medication for gastritis according to the type of the disease, the disturbing symptoms and the causes leading to the development of the disease.Patients may experience pain, heaviness and burning sensation in the epigastrium, feeling of fullness in the stomach, feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, loss of appetite and indigestion.
The diet of gastritis, especially during the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the patient's exacerbation (attack);moreover, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of foods from your diet:
- any broth;
- animal fats;
- fried, spicy foods;
- smoked meats, any snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushroom (due to difficult digestibility);
- certain types of cereals - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and seasonings - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- certain types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted sour fruit juices.
During the aggravation of the disease, dietary nutrition promotes the remission of the disease, therefore foods that strongly affect the secretion and have an irritating effect are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate the mucous membrane
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- abundant table;
- consumption of cartilage, lean meat, poultry skin;
- consuming a significant amount of coarse fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries and bran bread.
Fried foods have a maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is exerted by foods baked in the oven or prepared with a double boiler.
Chemical irritation is caused by products in the following list:
- broths, decoctions of vegetables and mushrooms;
- various spices;
- conserve;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- hard-boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries made from butter dough - pies, cakes, pies, biscuits;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- certain types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- certain types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect of the food on the digestive system is indicated by the extracts, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold foods - dishes below 15°C and above 57-62°C are irritating, and cold foods eaten on an empty stomach increase bowel movements.The most acceptable food temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected based on its quality composition, the method of culinary processing of the products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, frying) and the degree of grinding.
Gentle diet and fasting
In addition to eliminating irritating substances, a gentle diet also ensures fractional meals, which facilitates the digestion and absorption of food.It is advisable to eat pureed, warm, not coarse, juice-like foods - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Fasting is sometimes considered advisable, as the consumption of any food itself increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid.In case of short-term abstinence from food, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis also decrease.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during the exacerbation of the disease, when the complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of light meals.With this eating schedule, toxins and waste products leave the body faster.But there are contraindications to fasting - it is not used during severe weight loss, loss of appetite, when carrying a child, and it is not used for children.
Fasting cannot begin immediately with a complete refusal to eat.First, they switch to light food (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be done in two ways: with the first option (dry fasting) it is forbidden to drink water, the second option allows you to drink non-carbonated mineral water or simply boiled water.On the second day, you can drink weak tea, this lasts for 4-5 days.Quitting the hunger strike begins with the consumption of rice water and wheat crackers.Then they begin to eat a liquid porridge of boiled oatmeal, rice and semolina prepared with water or a small amount of milk.During the day, it is good to have slimy soups or cereal infusions with soups.The consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
Special food
Separate meals are those nutritional options when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.For example, meat should not be eaten together with starchy and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many different foods: fats, proteins, cereals.Confectionery products (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all food to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
By following the principles of separate nutrition, you can normalize digestion, the body's metabolic processes and reduce weight.Properly prepared foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation, and toxic substances do not form in the blood.
Food output speed
For easy digestion and removal of food from the body, it is not recommended to eat liquid and solid food at the same time.Liquid and pasty foods leave the stomach faster than solid foods, so it is recommended to increase the speed of food passage during diets.
Prunes and raisins stay in the stomach for a particularly long time;if gastritis worsens, they are not recommended for the first few months.
It also affects the speed and type of movement of food - proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain the longest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they prolong the time that food stays in the stomach, because fats are difficult to break down - the longer the food stays in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During the exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
The purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet number 4 is prescribed;if you have symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis, diet number 5 is prescribed (except whole milk and reduction of fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is also selected individually.The strict diet prescribed in the acute stage is maintained for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for years.
The prescribed diet also depends on the form and course of the disease.In case of acute, erosive (ulcer) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;during the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.In case of any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), it is strictly forbidden to consume alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods.
In the case of gastritis, the goal is to restore the normal activity of the stomach, regenerate the affected areas of the mucous membrane, normalize acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is not recommended to eat on the first day;you may drink tea and still mineral water.Starting from the 2nd day, you can eat in the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft eggs, jelly.During the period of exacerbation, a strict diet is necessary;as the symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.In case of low acidity, it is recommended to eat more foods that help the excretion of hydrochloric acid;with a high acid content, vice versa.
| It calms the stomach | They are irritating |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| Porridge | Salty foods |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, marinated, smoked food |
| Vegetable puree (potato, rutabaga, carrot, cauliflower) | Rich, strong broths |
| Cottage cheese | Preserves, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Egg (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet No. 2 is prescribed.The food should have a varied composition;the diet should include foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in such patients.
Permitted and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| Licensed | It is forbidden |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, steamed, fried vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastries |
| Soft eggs, cheese (mild), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Stale rye bread | Salty, spicy foods |
| Loose porridge with water or a small amount of milk | Milk |
Given that patients with this form of gastritis often have a poor tolerance to milk, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and in casseroles or puddings.
Features of the diet of hypoacid gastritis
Meals should be at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is worth supplementing our diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In such cases, at the beginning of the exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the aim of which is to reduce the exacerbation.After that, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The low-acid diet is diet number 2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products in case of low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Licensed | It is forbidden |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, slices | Fried food, fried food |
| Lean fish, fish juice | Alcoholic drinks |
| Broths, soups - vegetables, fruit, peas | Salty, spicy foods and spices (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, beet salads, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushroom |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheese cake, diluted cream, a little butter, mild cheese, steamed omelette, soft egg | Coarse fibrous, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (except grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, blackcurrant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabagas, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes, raisins |
| White biscuits, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, pastries |
| Porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jelly meat | Milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and pureed fruits;jam, compotes, jelly | Legumes, cereals - pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before a meal.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing the inflammation, we can gradually start stimulating the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger broths, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, or eat a sandwich with granular caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, drink lemon juice diluted with water half an hour before meals (0.5 cups).
Eating fried food is allowed, but without breading.It is worth starting to take bitter herbs - to increase appetite and sense of taste.Drinking kumis is good for secretion;Drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away, because it increases the processes of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but no more than 1 cup per day.
In addition, the diet is expanded, and the consumption of cocoa, kefir and strong tea is allowed.If you feel well, after a few months the diet will be expanded - you can eat almost everything, but you must not exaggerate salt, spices, cabbage, grapes.Hot food must be provided during breakfast and lunch.
Sample menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- morning– weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- second breakfast– apple (roasted);
- lunch– compote, steamed meat slice with buckwheat porridge side dish, broth with meatballs;
- dinner– vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before going to bed:a glass of kefir white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
In the case of hyperacid gastritis, it is necessary to eat at certain hours, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food thoroughly - crushed food does not damage the mucous membrane, and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which helps the food to be digested.All food should be minimally seasoned and salted.
During the first few weeks, the diet is almost the same as with low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize the high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, it can be diluted - drink it or add it to tea.If this does not help, then we change it to slimy soups.
All food is pureed, warm, chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods are added that have little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice.The principle of participation also remains.The diet should be rich in protein to restore stomach cells.
In case of hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (good for weight loss).Then - 1A diet for up to 10 days, after that - 1B and 1st diets (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Licensed | It is forbidden |
| Lean boiled meat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Food made from them, boiled or steamed in water, in the form of meatballs, slices, souffles | Spicy, smoked and fried foods (or baked with a crust - grill), sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish - hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish soup |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberry, raspberry, apple) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridge well boiled in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomatoes, garlic, onions, turnips, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steamed omelette, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casserole made from it | Legumes, chocolate |
| Slimy soups with the addition of pureed cereals, pureed milk porridge from various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, spices, salt |
| White bread biscuits | Fermented dairy products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic beverages |
| Rosehip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
It is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass) one hour before a meal.
Fresh black bread can be replaced with oven-dried biscuits.In order to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage in this type of gastritis, it is recommended to add vegetable oil to the dishes.
Menu for exacerbation:
- breakfast - steamed omelette, pureed milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk crackers;
- lunch - puree soup from a mixture of potatoes and carrots, steamed meat slices with mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with carrot and beet puree, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food recipes
In order to make it easier to prepare, an approximate menu of the weekly diet meals is prepared, taking into account the permitted foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of gentle cooking if you prepare food in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used in times of aggravation and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.More often, these are grain soups made with milk diluted with water (1:1).Puree soups are made with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, then everything is pureed and a little oil is added.
Cooking (steamed or in a water bath) is better for preparing main dishes.This is how omelettes, puddings, sauces, etc. are made.The meat is cooked in small pieces (to remove the extractives), then the broth is drained and the meat is cooked in new water.
Sample recipes from foods allowed under the diet:
First courses
Creamy pumpkin soup with dill
Cook the zucchini and potatoes, then blend them in a blender.Add vegetable juice, salt, cream and finely chopped dill to the desired texture.
Glutinous rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Grind the cooked chicken fillet in a blender.Mix the puree with rice water, add a little salt and bring to a boil.Cool the soup to 70 °C, add the egg-cream mixture and beat.
Second courses:
Turkey steak
Salt the ground turkey, add butter and wheat bread soaked in milk.Cutlets are formed and steamed.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook the rice porridge, add the grated apple, yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the pre-beaten protein.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.Pour fruit jelly over the finished pudding.
Cottage cheese souffle
Mix the cottage cheese, yolk, semolina, milk and cream until frothy.Add the beaten egg whites to the mixture and mix gently.Steam the resulting mass in the mold.